Cisco ensures passing the CCNA remains prestigious by maintaining the difficulty level of the CCNA exam by changing the exam pattern regularly. With the difficulty level being where it is, and the extensive exam syllabus, students must know what topics they should focus on for passing the CCNA exam. Listed below are the core topics tested on the Cisco CCNA exam and what you are expected to know from them. We have outlined the key concepts that you are supposed to know from these core topics. We recommend that students do not use this as an exam syllabus since not all exam objectives are listed below. The list is instead a supplementary study aid, which can be used to cross check if you have covered the key points in the CCNA core topics.
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Cisco has defined a hierarchical model known as the hierarchical internetworking model. This model simplifies the task of building a reliable, scalable, and less expensive hierarchical internetwork because rather than focusing on packet construction, it focuses on the three functional areas, or layers, of your network:
